What is pump? Types of pumps and their working ?

 What is pump? Types of pumps and their working? 

What is pump? 

A pump is defined as the mechanical equipment, that uses to transfer different fluids & gases from one place to another place, This can be operated by many energy resources which include manual operation, electricity, engine, wind power and many more, day to day life to industrial applications.

Types of pumps 

There are mainly two types of Pump but they have various categories into it:

1. Dynamic Pump:

    Centrifugal Pump:

• Axial flow                           
• Submersible pump
• Mixed flow
• Peripheral   

     Special effect pump:

• Jet pump
• Electromagnetic pump

2. Positive Displacement Pump:

    Reciprocating Pump:

• Piston pump
• Plunger pump
• Diaphragm pump

    Rotatory Pump:

• Screw pump
• Progressive cavity pump
• Gear pump
• Vane pump

1. Dynamic Pump:

The dynamic pump is a type of velocity pump in which kinetic energy is added to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity as it passes through the impeller, a dynamic pump is also known as a kinetic pump because it pumps the fluid by providing kinetic energy.

This conversion of kinetic energy to pressure is explained by the law of thermodynamics.

The Dynamic pumps are used for water supply and positive displacement pumps are used for foam.

 Centrifugal Pump:

Centrifugal pump are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of  the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically come from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casting), from it exists.

common uses include water, petroleum and petrochemical pumping, sewage, vacuum pump  

• Axial flow

In an axial flow pump, the impeller pushes the liquid in a direction parallel to the pump shaft. Axial flow pumps are sometimes called propeller pumps because they operate essentially the same as the propeller of a boat. The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or by electric motor or petrol/ diesel engine mounted to the pipe from the outside or by the right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe.

• Submersible pump
  

Submersible pumps are always of the close-coupled type – meaning that the impeller mounts directly on the end of the motor shaft, and the pump casing attaches directly to the motor frame. 

Submersible pumps are used for a wide range of applications. If you have a small pump around your property or a well pump it is probably a submersible pump. Submersible pumps are also common in sewage applications, raw water pumping applications, and to remove storm water from structures like parking garages,

• Mixed flow

A mixed flow pump is a centrifugal pump with is mixed flow impeller. The impeller of mixed flow pumps with a low specific speed are combined with an angular or volute casting those of mixed flow pumps with a higher specific speed are combined with a diffuser and a tubular casting.

in the mixed flow pump , the liquid discharges combine both radial and axial flow properties. so, that is a trade-off  the two axial and redial pumps.

• Peripheral 

 Peripheral pump has an impeller with many radial vanes on the outside edge and is a close-coupled centrifugal pump. The impeller rotates within a concentric channel of the casing with liquid flowing between the vanes and casing, which transfers large amounts of energy leading to an increase in pressure inside the pump. As pressure increases along the circumference of the casing, fluid moves from its inlet to its outlet. In the casing channel, the stripper is positioned between the outlet and the inlet to prevent a hydraulic short circuit between the high- and low-pressure sides this is called as peripheral pump.

    Special effect pump:

A special effect pump is a device in which the norms of energy expansion are still kinetic, the addition of velocity, but that require impacts other than that of the refined centrifugal pump. The special pumps are mainly categorized into three different types regarding the process they use to move the fluids: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.

The special effect pumps run on some averages which are reciprocating or rotary and consume power to perform automatic jobs striding the liquid

• Jet pump

Jet pumps, also known as ejector pump, are devices capable of handling and transporting all forms of motive fluid including gas, steam or liquid. it is Multiple inlets are used to draw in a constant stream of fluid, using pressure to create lift through suction.

Jet pumps are less efficient than typical centrifugal pumps due to such factors as friction loss, but may be more efficient when working with combined media that includes gases, and in variable well conditions where the surface characteristics involve turbulence.

• Electromagnetic pump

The electromagnetic pump regulates the direction that a force is put out on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

 Electromagnetic pumps work on the Faraday ́s law principle, in the Faraday law, the electrical current combines with the magnetic field creating attractive power. 

The magnetic field is applied at right angles to the direction that liquid travels in, and a current is transferred through it. This creates an electromagnetic force that moves the conductive liquid. This pump can be used in pumping liquid metal applications in a cooling system.

2. Positive Displacement Pump:

The positive displacement pump, a certain volume of liquid is discharged due to the thrust exerted on it by a moving member for each cycle of pump operation.

This type of pump operates by trapping a fixed amount of fluid into the pump chamber (at the inlet valve) and then it is being discharged by the outlet valve. These pumps work at high pressure and high density.

Reciprocating Pump:

     

A reciprocating pump is a hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. by providing the liquid into a cylinder. In this type of pump, a piston is reciprocating which uses thrust on the liquid and increases the energy of the fluid.

Reciprocating pumps are more suitable for low volumes of flow at high pressures.

It is known as a positive displacement pump because it releases a positive amount of fluid.

• Piston pump

A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump in which the elevated pressure rotates the piston. These types of pumps are used in multiple applications and can be used to transfer paint, chocolate, pastry, etc.

Piston pumps can also be dual-acting with inlet and outlet valves on both sides of the piston. These pumps can be consumed to stride liquids or compressed gases and can furthermore pump dense outlets and outlets including solid components

• Plunger pump

It is also a type of positive displacement pump which is different from the piston pump used at increased energy. In this type of pump, the high-pressure seal is fixed and a cylindrical plunger slides through the seal.

It uses a crank mechanism to create a reciprocating motion along an axle, which then creates pressure in the cylinder or working barrel to force the gas or fluid through the pump. These plunger pumps are used for drill cutting injection and chemical Injection.

• Diaphragm pump

A diaphragm pump employs a mix of the reciprocating effort of the diaphragm for pumping a fluid made of thermoplastic, Teflon, or rubber with the related valves (flap valves, butterfly valves, globe valve, etc.) on both aspects of the diaphragm. 

In this type, the diaphragm is filled with one side in the fluid to be pumped (air or hydraulic fluid). As the volume of the chamber increases (the diaphragm moves upward), the pressure decreases, and fluid enters the chamber.

Rotatory Pump:

It is also a type of positive displacement pump in which a fixed volume of fluid is moving with each revolution. These pumps can provide continuously delivered capacity regardless of pressure. Rotary pumps use rotating gears to move the fluid.

It is also a type of positive displacement pump in which a fixed volume of fluid is moving with each revolution. These pumps can provide continuously delivered capacity regardless of pressure. Rotary pumps use rotating gears to move the fluid.

• Screw pump

These types of pumps use one or several screws to move the liquid along the screw axis. A screw pump generates pressure by using additional axial acceleration in the fluid within its clearance area. The simplest form of screw pump is the Archimedes screw.

Screw pumps operate using two rotating screw rotors, arranged in such a way that they rotate towards each other. This stores the gas in the space between the screws of their rotors. 

• Progressive cavity pump

These types of pumps are use rotor and stator assembly to transfer the fluid by means of the progress through the pump. This rotor is a helical-shaped worm part that rotates within the stator. The stator has a more ‘worm thread’ than the rotor and is made of a flexible material.

It is also a type of positive displacement pump that has a rotor or shaft revolving around a place called a stator.

The shaft is always metal made and the stator is composed of a rubber species of components.

• Gear pump

Gears are widely used for transmitting motion, and this is the simplest type of rotary pump. It includes two meshed gears rotating in a fitted casing. and the same is the case with gear pumps as they move fluid by meshing the teeth of two gears together. 

Gear pumps are rotating positive dislocation pumps that are commonly used in industrial applications to push thick liquids like fuel and car engine oil pump.

• Vane pump

Vane pumps is a rotary and positive displacement pump and are extensively utilized in autos, power steering systems, and air conditioners. They are capable of managing intermediate viscosity fluids and excel at handling low viscous fluids. 

These pumps are also employed in the conversion of high-pressure gas to a low-pressure gas. It is Used for low viscosity liquids mainly for fuel loading and transmission.