What is Machine design? classification & Factor affecting the design of machine elements

      MACHINE DESIGN 

Introduction of Machine Design 

       The subject machine design the creation of new and better machine and improving the existing one a new or better machine is one which is more economical in the over all cost of production and operating the prosses of design is long and time consuming one.

Classification of Machine Design 

There are mainly three classification of machine design which as under:

1. Adoptive Design
2. Development Design
3. New Design

  1. Adoptive Design

In most cases the designer's work is concerned with adaptation of existing design, this type of design needs no special knowledge and can be attempted by designer by ordinary technical training.

  2. Development Design

This type of design need considerable scientific training and design ability in order to modify the existing design into a new ideal by adapting a new material or different method of manufacturing.

  3. New Design 

This type of design needs lot of research technical ability and creation thinking.

Factor affecting the design of machine elements 

a. Type of load and stresses caused by load :-

 

The load on a machine component may act in several ways due to which the internet stresses are setup 

b. Motion of the parts :- 

The successful operation of any machine depends upon simplest arrangement of the parts which will give the motion required.

c. Frictional resistance and lubrication :-

There is always a loss of power due to frictional resistance, it is essential that a careful attention must be given to the matter of lubrication of all surfaces which move in contact with others.

d. Convenient & Economical Features

In designing the operating features of the machine should be carefully studied the starting, controlling and stopping livers should be located on basis of convenient handling.

e. Use of Standard Parts :-

The use of standard part is closely related to cost, because the cost of standard or stock parts is only a fraction of cost of similar part made to order.

f. Safety of Operation :-

Some machine are dangerous to operate, especially those which are speeded up to ensures production at a maximum rate there fore it is necessary that a designer should always provide safety devices for the operator.

g. Workshop Facilities :-

A design engineer should be familiar with the limitation of his employers workshop in order to avoid in some other workshops.

h. Number of Machine to be Manufactured :-

The engineering and workshop cost which are called fined charges or overhead expanses are distributed over the number of articles to be manufactured.

I. Cost of Construction:-

The cost of construction of an article is the most important factor involved in design.

j. Assembling :-

Each and every machine or a structure must be assembled as a unit before it can function.